{"id":1156,"date":"2024-04-26T11:30:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T15:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/potlatchga.com\/?p=1156"},"modified":"2024-04-26T13:53:46","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T17:53:46","slug":"our-history-past-and-present","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potlatchga.com\/?p=1156","title":{"rendered":"Our History: Past and Present"},"content":{"rendered":"

This morning I received an article from a friend that is a must read for all of us. I found it absolutely critical as a help in understanding the popularity of the MAGA movement and the threat posed by a second Trump government. Some of you might find it too long and tedious, but I assure you it is worth it, even if you read only those parts that interest you. I’ve printed it in its entirety as published in the Washington Post<\/em>, 24 April, 2024.<\/p>\n

We have a radical democracy. Will Trump voters destroy it?<\/strong><\/p>\n

By Robert Kagan<\/p>\n

Editor at large<\/p>\n

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For some time, it was possible to believe that many voters could not see the threat Donald Trump<\/a> poses to America\u2019s liberal democracy, and many still profess not to see it. But now, a little more than six months from Election Day, it\u2019s hard to believe they don\u2019t. The warning signs are clear enough. Trump himself offers a new reason for concern almost every day. People may choose to ignore the warnings or persuade themselves not to worry, but they can see what we all see, and that should be enough.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
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How to explain their willingness to support Trump despite the risk he poses to our system of government? The answer is not rapidly changing technology, widening inequality, unsuccessful foreign policies or unrest on university campuses but something much deeper and more fundamental. It is what the Founders worried about and Abraham Lincoln warned about: a decline in what they called public virtue. They feared it would be hard to sustain popular support for the revolutionary liberal principles of the Declaration of Independence, and they worried that the virtuous love of liberty and equality would in time give way to narrow, selfish interest. Although James Madison and his colleagues hoped to establish a government on the solid foundation of self-interest, even Madison acknowledged that no government by the people could be sustained if the people themselves did not have sufficient dedication to the liberal ideals of the Declaration. The people had to love liberty, not just for themselves but as an abstract ideal for all humans.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Americans are going down this route today because too many no longer care enough whether the system the Founders created survives and are ceding the ground to those, led by Trump, who actively seek to overthrow what so many of them call \u201cthe regime.\u201d This \u201cregime\u201d they are referring to is the unique political system established by the Founders based on the principles of universal equality and natural rights. That, plain and simple, is what this election is about. \u201cA republic if you can keep it,\u201d Benjamin Franklin allegedly said <\/a>of the government created by the Constitutional Convention in 1787. This is the year we may choose not to keep it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

A healthy republic would not be debating whether Trump and his followers seek the overthrow of the Founders\u2019 system of liberal democracy. What more do people need to see than his well-documented attempt to prevent the peaceful transfer of power with the storming of the U.S. Capitol, the elaborate scheme to create false electoral slates in key states, the clear evidence that he bullied officials in some states to \u201cfind\u201d more votes,<\/a> and to persuade Vice President Mike Pence<\/a> not to certify the legitimate results? What more do they need to know than that Trump continues to insist he won that election and celebrates as heroes and \u201cpatriots\u201d the people who invaded the U.S. Capitol and smashed policemen\u2019s faces with the stated aim of forcing Congress to negate the election results? As one 56-year-old Michigan woman present at the Capitol on Jan. 6<\/a>, 2021 explained: \u201cWe weren\u2019t there to steal things. We weren\u2019t there to do damage. We were just there to overthrow the government<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Trump not only acknowledges his goals, past and present; he promises to do it again if he loses this year. For the third straight election, he is claiming that if he loses, then the vote will have been fraudulent. He has warned of uprisings, of \u201cbedlam\u201d<\/a> and a \u201cbloodbath\u201d<\/a> and he has made clear that he will again be the promoter of this violence, just as he was on Jan. 6, 2021. Trump explicitly warned in 2020<\/a> that he would not accept the election results if he lost, and he didn\u2019t. This year he is saying it again.<\/a> Were there no other charges against him, no other reason to be concerned about his return to the presidency, this alone would be sufficient to oppose him. He does not respect and has never pledged to abide by the democratic processes established by the Constitution. On the contrary, he has explicitly promised to violate the Constitution when he deems it necessary. That by itself makes him a unique candidate in American history and should be disqualifying.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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This kind of open challenge to our democracy was never meant to be addressed by the courts. As the Founders well understood, you don\u2019t serve a subpoena to a would-be tyrant and tell him to lawyer up. Nor was it meant to be addressed by the normal processes of democratic elections. They knew, and feared, that a demagogue could capture the allegiance of enough voters to overthrow the system. That was why they gave Congress, and particularly the Senate, supposedly more immune from popular pressures, the power to impeach and remove presidents and to deny them the opportunity to run again \u2014 and not simply because they violated some law but because they posed a clear and present danger to the republic. After Trump\u2019s attempt to overthrow<\/a> the government in 2020, Congress had a chance to use the method prescribed by the Founders in precisely the circumstances they envisioned. But Senate Republicans, out of a combination of ambition and cowardice, refused to play the vital role <\/a>the Founders envisioned for them. The result is that the nightmare feared by the Founders is one election away from becoming reality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The problem with Trump is not that he has some carefully thought-out plan for seizing power, much less an elaborate ideological justification for doing so. (Others do have such plans and such justifications, including many of those who will populate his administration \u2014 more on that in a moment.) With Trump, everything is about him and his immediate needs. He will run roughshod over the laws and Constitution simply to get what he wants for himself, his family and his business interests. Americans know that if he is elected, he would abuse the justice system to go after his opponents. They know this because he says so. \u201cI am your retribution!\u201d he declares,<\/a> and by \u201cyour\u201d he means \u201cmy.\u201d Americans know he would use his power as president to try to solve his financial problems. He did it as president and is doing it now as a presidential candidate<\/a>. They know he would not respect the results of fair elections if he loses, which is the very definition of a tyrant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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So, why will so many vote for him anyway? For a significant segment of the Republican electorate, the white-hot core of the Trump movement, it is because they want<\/i> to see the system overthrown. This should not come as a shock, for it is not a new phenomenon. On the contrary, it is as old as the republic. Historians have written about the \u201cliberal tradition\u201d in America, but there has from the beginning also been an anti-liberal tradition: large numbers of Americans determined to preserve preliberal traditions, hierarchies and beliefs against the secular liberal principles of the Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights. The Founders based the republic on a radical set of principles and assertions about government: that all human beings were created equal in their possession of certain \u201cnatural rights\u201d that government was bound to respect and to safeguard. These rights did not derive from religious belief but were \u201cself-evident.\u201d They were not granted by the Christian God, by the crown or even by the Constitution. They were inherent in what it meant to be human.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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This is the central tenet of liberalism. Before the American Revolution no government had ever been founded on liberal principles, and the vast majority of human beings had never believed in these natural rights \u2014 certainly not the Christian church in either its Protestant or Roman Catholic versions nor Islam nor Judaism nor Hinduism nor Buddhism. People might be equal in the eyes of their god, but no government or religious institution had ever been based on the principle of equal rights. Not even the English system was based on this principle but rather on monarchy, a ruling aristocracy and a contract between crown and subjects that was modified over the centuries but was not based on the principle of universal \u201cnatural\u201d rights.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The Founders knew these ideas were radical, that they were inaugurating, in their own words, a novus ordo seclorum <\/i>\u2014 a new order of the ages \u2014 that required a new way of thinking and acting. They knew, as well, that their own practices and those of 18th-century American society did not conform to their new revolutionary doctrines. They knew that slavery was contrary to the Declaration\u2019s principles, though they permitted slavery to continue, hoping it would die a natural death. They knew that established churches were contrary to those principles because they impinged on that most important of rights, \u201cfreedom of conscience,\u201d which was vital to the preservation of liberty, yet a number of states in the 18th and 19th centuries retained all kinds of religious tests for office. In short, they knew that a great many Americans did not in fact believe in the liberal principles of the revolution. As Benjamin Rush, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, put it, \u201cWe have changed our forms of government, but it remains yet to effect a revolution in our principles, opinions and manners so as to accommodate them to the forms of government we have adopted.\u201d They did not insist that citizens believe in those principles. One could be an American citizen whether one believed in the Declaration or not.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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And a great many did not. Leaders of the slaveholding South called the Declaration \u201ca most pernicious falsehood.\u201d South Carolina\u2019s John C. Calhoun called the very idea of equal rights a \u201cfalse doctrine.\u201d They believed in democracy, but only if it was an exclusively White democracy. When democracy turned against them in 1860, they rebelled and sought an exit from the system. That rebellion never ended. It has been weakened, suppressed \u2014 sometimes by force \u2014 and driven underground, but it has never gone away. Although the South was militarily defeated and deprived of its special advantages in the Constitution, its hostility to the Founders\u2019 liberalism did not abate. As Southern writer W.J. Cash observed in 1941, if the war had \u201csmashed the southern world,\u201d it had nevertheless \u201cleft the essential southern mind and will \u2026 entirely unshaken\u201d and Southerners themselves determined \u201cto hold fast to their own, to maintain their divergences, to remain what they had been and were.\u201d In 1956, almost a century after the Civil War, a fifth of Congress, almost all Democrats \u2014 signed the \u201cSouthern Manifesto\u201d<\/a> calling on states to refuse to obey the Supreme Court\u2019s 1954 decision to end segregation in public schools. Nothing had changed. Are we so surprised that for many Americans, nothing has changed even today?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nor has anti-liberalism only been about race. For more than a century after the revolution, many if not most White Anglo-Saxon Protestants insisted that America was a Protestant nation. They did not believe Catholics possessed equal rights or should be treated as equals. The influential \u201csecond\u201d Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish as well as anti-Black, which was why, unlike the original Klan, it flourished outside the South. Many regard today\u2019s Christian nationalism as a fringe movement, but it has been a powerful and often dominant force throughout America\u2019s history.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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For two centuries, many White Americans have felt under siege by the Founders\u2019 liberalism. They have been defeated in war and suppressed by threats of force, but more than that, they have been continually oppressed by a system designed by the Founders to preserve and strengthen liberalism against competing beliefs and hierarchies. Since World War II, the courts and the political system have pursued the Founders\u2019 liberal goals with greater and greater fidelity, ending official segregation, driving religion from public schools, recognizing and defending the rights of women and minorities hitherto deprived of their \u201cnatural rights\u201d because of religious, racial, and ethnic discrimination. The hegemony of liberalism has expanded, just as Lincoln hoped it would, \u201cconstantly spreading and deepening its influence, and augmenting the happiness and value of life to all people of colors everywhere.\u201d Anti-liberal political scientist Patrick Deneen calls it \u201cliberal totalitarianism,\u201d and, apart from the hyperbole, he is right that liberalism has been steadily deepening and expanding under presidents of both parties since the 1940s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The fury on the anti-liberal right against what is today called \u201cwokeness\u201d is nothing new. Anti-liberal movements in America, whether in defense of the White race or Christianity, and more often both together, have always claimed to be suffering under the expanding hegemony of liberalism. They have always claimed that a liberal government and society were depriving them of their \u201cfreedom\u201d to live a life according to Christian teachings and were favoring various minority groups, especially Black people, at their expense. In the 1970s, influential theologian R.J. Rushdoony complained that the Christian in America had \u201cno right to his identity\u201d but was forced to recognize \u201call others and their \u2018rights.\u2019\u201d And he was correct if a Christian\u2019s \u201crights\u201d included the right not only to lead a Christian life oneself but to impose that life on the entire society or if a White person\u2019s \u201cfreedom\u201d included the freedom to preserve white primacy in society. In the 19th century, enslavers insisted they were deprived of their \u201cfreedom\u201d to hold human beings as property; Southerners in the post-Reconstruction era insisted on their \u201cfreedom\u201d to oppress Black citizens in their states.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Today, anti-liberals in American society are indeed deprived of their \u201cfreedom\u201d to impose their religious and racial views on society, on public schools, on the public square and on the laws of the nation. What Christian nationalists call \u201cliberal totalitarianism,\u201d the Founders called \u201cfreedom of conscience.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Six decades ago, people like Rushdoony were responding not to \u201cwoke\u201d corporations or Black Lives Matter but to civil rights legislation. Today, anti-liberal conservatives complain about school curriculums that acknowledge the racism that has shaped America\u2019s history, but even five decades ago, before the invention of \u201ccritical race theory,\u201d anti-liberal White people such as Rushdoony insisted that the \u201cwhite man\u201d was being \u201csystematically indoctrinated into believing he is guilty of enslaving and abusing the Negro.\u201d Nor is it new that many White people feel that the demands of minority groups for both rights and respect have \u201cgone too far\u201d and it is they, the White people of America, who are suffering the worst discrimination. In the 1960s, surveys taken by the New York Times showed that majorities of White people believed even then that the civil rights movement had \u201cgone too far,\u201d that Blacks were receiving \u201ceverything on a silver platter\u201d and the government was practicing \u201creverse discrimination\u201d against White people. Liberalism is always going too far for many Americans \u2014 and certainly for anti-liberals. Anti-liberals these days complain about wokeness, therefore, but it is the liberal system of government bequeathed by the Founders, and the accompanying egalitarian spirit, that they are really objecting to, just as anti-liberals have since the founding of the nation. Many of Trump\u2019s core supporters insist they are patriots, but whether they realize it or not, their allegiance is not to the Founders\u2019 America but to an ethnoreligious definition of the nation that the Founders explicitly rejected.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Some do realize it. The smartest and most honest of them know that if people truly want a \u201cChristian America,\u201d it can only come through \u201cregime change,\u201d by which they mean the \u201cregime\u201d created by the Founders. The Founders\u2019 legacy is a \u201cdead end,\u201d writes Glenn Ellmers, a scholar at the Claremont Institute. The Constitution is a \u201cPotemkin village.\u201d According to Deneen and Harvard Law School\u2019s Adrian Vermeule, the system established by the Founders to protect individual rights needs to be replaced with an alternative form of government. What they have in mind is a Christian commonwealth: a \u201cculture that preserves and encourages order and continuity, and support for religious belief and institutions,\u201d with legislation to \u201cpromote public morality, and forbid its intentional corruption,\u201d a \u201cforthright acknowledgment and renewal of the Christian roots of our civilization,\u201d \u201cpublic opportunities for prayers,\u201d and a \u201crevitalization of our public spaces to reflect a deeper belief that we are called to erect imitations of the beauty that awaits us in another Kingdom.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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These anti-liberal conservatives know that bringing such a commonwealth into being means jettisoning the Founders\u2019 obsession with individual rights. The influential advocate of \u201cconservative nationalism,\u201d Yoram Hazony, wants Americans to abandon the Declaration in favor of a nationhood built on Protestantism and the Bible. America is a \u201crevolutionary nation<\/a>,\u201d Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) insists, not because of the principles of the Declaration and not even because of the American Revolution itself, but \u201cbecause we are the heirs of the revolution of the Bible\u201d that began with \u201cthe founding of the nation of Israel.\u201d There could hardly be a statement more at odds with the American Founders\u2019 liberal, ecumenical vision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Expressing a belief in God is no threat to the Founders\u2019 system, but reshaping society in accord with Christian teachings is. To build the nation Hawley and Hazony imagine would require jettisoning not only the Declaration but also the Constitution, which was designed to protect the Declaration\u2019s principles. The Christian commonwealth would not and could not be a democracy because the majority of people can\u2019t be trusted to choose correctly. According to the Claremont Institute\u2019s Ellmers, \u201cmost people living in the United States today \u2014 certainly more than half \u2014 are not Americans in any meaningful sense of the term.\u201d They are a \u201czombie\u201d or \u201chuman rodent\u201d who lives \u201ca shadow-life of timid conformity.\u201d Only \u201cthe 75 million people who voted in the last election\u201d for Trump are true Americans. Instead of trying to compete with Democrats in elections that don\u2019t reflect the will of the people, Ellmers writes, \u201cWhy not just cut to the chase and skip the empty, meaningless process?\u201d The \u201conly road forward\u201d is \u201coverturning the existing post-American order.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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For these intellectuals, Trump is an imperfect if essential vehicle for the counterrevolution. A \u201cdeeply flawed narcissist\u201d suffering from a \u201cbombastic vanity,\u201d as Deneen and Ellmers note, he has \u201clacked the discipline to target his creative\/destructive tendencies effectively.\u201d But this can be remedied. If Trump failed to accomplish the desired overthrow in his first term, Deneen argues, it was because he lacked \u201ca capable leadership class.\u201d Things will be different in his next term. What is needed, according to Deneen, is a \u201cself-conscious aristoi,\u201d a class of thinkers who understand \u201cboth the disease afflicting the nation, and the revolutionary medicine required for the cure,\u201d who know how to turn populist \u201cresentments into sustained policy.\u201d Members of Deneen\u2019s would-be new elite will, like Vladimir Lenin, place themselves at the vanguard of a populist revolution, acting \u201con behalf of the broad working class\u201d while raising the consciousness of the \u201cuntutored\u201d masses. Indeed, according to Harvard\u2019s Vermeule, it will be necessary to impose the common good even against the people\u2019s \u201cown perceptions of what is best for them\u201d \u2014 a most Leninist concept indeed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This morning I received an article from a friend that is a must read for all of us. I found it absolutely critical as a help in understanding the popularity of the MAGA movement and the threat posed by a second Trump government. Some of you might find it too long and tedious, but I…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-by-robert-fischer"],"yoast_head":"\nOur History: Past and Present - Potlatch<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/potlatchga.com\/?p=1156\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Our History: Past and Present - Potlatch\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This morning I received an article from a friend that is a must read for all of us. I found it absolutely critical as a help in understanding the popularity of the MAGA movement and the threat posed by a second Trump government. 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